Challenges of Mid-level Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Difficulties of Mid-level Management - Essay Example All choices made by overseers must be weighed cautiously. This is to give an enduring positive effect on the organization’s income, its staff, and patients. This is an intense obligation, however one that must be conveyed to fruition, as a matter of course (Wheatley, 2006). One of the center issues that influence medicinal services chairmen is the irreconcilable circumstance. Here, executives are brought or burdened by the way that; their relationship with monetary organizations may constrain them to settle on choices that don't take into account their patients’ wants and needs (Ransom, Maulik and Nash, 2005). This is frequently observed with the protection strategies that spread patients once they are in for extreme cases that warrant clinical consideration. It is likewise a typical event to see doctors and expert specialists getting into settlements with these budgetary foundations, which force them into getting capital for their establishment through patients (Wheatl ey, 2006). This is now and then observed through constant tests and techniques that are superfluous, and demonstrate expensive to the people in question. It is up to the human services managers to limit and caution doctors from going into settlements with these money related organizations. This is with an ascent in the moral predicaments the organization is being gotten through and the test that faces mid-level administration in the human services field, in the 21st century. Another startling undertaking that surfaces is the need to give suitable clinical consideration, over the expense of the executives.

Literature review one and two Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

One and two - Literature audit Example The investigation centers around the issues of kid maltreatment on three fundamental age bunches that it, guardians of youngsters beneath 11 years, adolescents between 11 †17 years and a gathering between 18-24 years. The example on these three gatherings included 2,160, 2,275, and 1,761 subjects separately (Radford et al. 2011, p. 218). Be that as it may, the examination doesn't give subtleties on the testing strategies, which were utilized at showing up in the expressed agent test. In any case, the way that all ages were spoken to shows that the discoveries were objective and sound. This investigation was an improvement of past examinations, which needed terms of target agent tests. In their definition, kid abuse is worried about physical, passionate, and mental sick treatment. It additionally alluded abuse of youngsters by specific individuals from the general public including their folks, dear companions, and outsiders. Physical abuse included hitting, kicking, punishing and slapping of their youngsters. Issues of disregard were additionally said to make enthusiastic issues youngsters. Disregard included denying youngsters parental love, access to quality training and social insurance, and inability to furnish them with general fundamental needs (Children’s Taskforce, Department of Health 2012, p. 865). The examination discoveries demonstrated that 1.2% of the youngsters under 11 years were seriously rebuffed. In any case, it created the impression that extreme discipline expanded as the ages expanded. For example, in the 7.1% of the gathering between the ages sections 11-19 had been seriously rebuffed (Radford et al. 2011, p.300). This expanded to 11.5% in 17-24 age sections. Notwithstanding that, it was shown that over 0.5% of the kids younger than 11 had been explicitly manhandled. This would anyway ascend to 4.8% in the age section 11-19. In the last section of 18 †24, 11.3% of the subjects had been uncovered

7 Tips for Caregivers to Relieve Stress

7 Tips for Caregivers to Relieve Stress Many caregivers have trouble taking care of their own needs as they provide so much care for the needs of others. Whether you feel guilty for taking time out for yourself, or if you just feel like you don’t have the time to take, consider this perspective: If you don’t take care of yourself, you won’t have anything left to give. How Being a Caregiver Can Be Very Stressful How Caregivers Can Lessen Stress and Overwhelm The following steps can help you to minimize some of the stress you’re feeling, so you can feel less overwhelmed by the caregiver role. Stay connected. It’s important to maintain relationships with other people, not just the person you’re caring for or your immediate family. Others, especially those who are in a similar position, can provide support and information, as well as valuable opportunities to step out of the caregiver role for a while. Aim to find a mix of social support from online support groups, friends with whom you may have lost touch as you’ve gotten busier, and new friends you may meet in the community. Even walking a dog around your neighborhood provides some of the health benefits of pets and can help you stay more connected to your neighbors and community.Accept help. If help is offered by friends, neighbors, and others, don’t be afraid to accept it. Many people don’t know what to do to help, but are sincere in their offers of, If theres anything I can do. Just think of what would really help you and tell themâ€"it may make them feel much better being able to lighten your load, so don’ t feel guilty about it. If you’re not getting many offers of support, you may want to ask family members if they might be able to offer some. Also, there may be resources offered in your community, so some research in that area may yield some useful results. Sometimes even a little help can go a long way.Find time alone. It may be difficult for you to find time alone, especially if you’re the sole provider of care, but don’t forget that you need to give to yourself in order to have the ability to give to others. However, taking an hour or two for journaling in a coffee shop, seeing a movie by yourself, getting exercise with a long walk, or going to a nearby park and immersing yourself in a good book are all excellent, restorative options that can help you to stave off burnout.Maintain a hobby. It’s also important to keep up some interests outside of your role as a caregiver. Maintaining a hobby is a way to keep yourself feeling fresh and vital, and possibly to stay connected with others in another role. Here is a list of stress-relieving hobbies to consider, some of which can be maintained at home with your loved one, along with some that will take you outside and connect you with others.Stay informed. While sometimes looking conditions up on the internet yield questionable or even unsettling results, it’s still often a good idea to research as much as you can about your loved one’s condition, so that you’ll know what to expect. To be sure that you’re getting accurate information, talk to your doctor about good resources for information and support.Stay spiritually grounded. Studies show that religion and spirituality can help immensely with stress relief, health, and life satisfaction, so if you have are religious or have spiritual leanings, now is a good time to rely on them, and gain strength from your faith as well as your spiritual community.Take care of yourself. The main idea here is to take good care of yourselfâ€"physically, mentally, and emotionallyâ€"so that you’ll be able to handle the challenges of caregiving, and continue to provide care for others. Self-care  encompasses many  ideas, including getting enough sleep, eating a quality diet, and other strategies to keep yourself feeling well. Also, if you experience persistent feelings of fatigue, resentment, or burnout, don’t be afraid to talk to a professional and get some extra support.

Ludwig Van Beethoven and a music in his life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 869 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Ludwig van Beethoven Essay Did you like this example? Ludwig Van Beethoven appreciated music at an early age. On Spring 26th, 1778, at 7 years old and a half Beethoven gave his first open execution at Cologne. The melodic and instructing abilities educated to Ludwig from his dad were exceptionally constrained. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ludwig Van Beethoven and a music in his life" essay for you Create order Before long Ludwig learned music, principally the organ and by understood performers, for example, Gottlob Neefe. Neefe perceived how astonishing Beethovens gifts were, and in addition to the fact that Neefe taught him music, he ensured Beethoven thought about crafted by a thinker, and antiquated and current, referred to Beethoven also. In 1782, preceding he turned 12, Ludwig distributed his first bit of music, which was 9 Varieties in C minor for piano on a walk by Earnst Christoph Dressler. The next year in 1783, Neefe compose an article in the Magazine of Music were he expounded on his gifted understudy Ludwig Van Beethoven where he stated, On the off chance that he proceeds with like this, there will be no uncertainty that he will be the following Mozart.In June 1784, on Neefes suggestions, Ludwig Van Beethoven was selected organist of the court of Maximilian Franz, the Voter of Cologne. Beethoven was 14 years of age. This let him be in successive new groups of friends, other tha n his dad and family. Prince Maximillian Franz was additionally mindful of Beethovens music thus he sent Beethoven to Vienna, in 1787, to meet Mozart and further his melodic training. Vienna was, all things considered, the capital city as far as culture and music. A letter got back to Beethoven to Bonn, his mom was kicking the bucket. The main individual in his family with whom he had built up a solid and adoring association with, passed away on July seventeenth, 1787. After five years, in 1792, Ludwig Van Beethoven returned to Vienna, profiting from another give, for a long time, by the Ruler Balloter, again to seek after his melodic training. He never returned to the town of his introduction to the world. At Vienna, the youthful artist took exercises with Haydyn, at that point with Albrechtsberger and Salieri. He caught the consideration of and surprised Vienna with his virtuosity and his spontaneous creations on piano. In 1794, Beethoven formed Creation 1, the Trios for Piano. Th e next year, Ludwig Van Beethoven made his first open execution at Vienna (an Institute). Where every artist played his own work. At that point pursued a visit: Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, and Berlin, before leaving for a show in Budapest. Beethoven made various associates at Vienna. Everyone in the melodic and blue-blooded world respected the youthful writer. These music-sweethearts were Beethovens most noteworthy supporters. He ended up irate routinely with some of them, regularly making fair changes soon a short time later. His ability pardoned his exorbitant, imprudent conduct. In 1800, Beethoven sorted out another show in Vienna including, strikingly, the introduction of his first orchestra. Albeit today we discover this work established, and near crafted by Mozart and Haydn, at the time certain audience members found the orchestra unusual, excessively extreme, and even suggestive. This virtuoso, Beethoven, who was as yet a youthful, new arranger, was at that point pushing the built up limits of music. Unfortunately, in 1801 Beethoven admitted to his companions at Bonn that he was apprehensive he was gradually going hard of hearing. At Heiligenstadt in 1802 he composed an acclaimed content communicating his disturb at the injustice of life: that he, an artist, could wind up hard of hearing was something he would not like to survive. Notwithstanding, music made him continue and he composed that he realized that despite everything he had numerous other melodic areas to investigate, find, and to pass on. Beethoven composed his third orchestra to pay tribute to an extraordinary man, Bonaparte. He was viewed as the emancipator of the general population, opening a way to trust amid the French Transformation. At the point when the Principal Emissary announced himself Sovereign, Beethoven wound up incensed and glowered out Bonapartes name from the score. On April seventh, 1805, the Eroica ensemble was played out of the blue. In the mean time, Beethoven had at long last completed his musical show, Leonore, the main musical drama he composed. He composed and revamped four distinct suggestions. The name of the musical drama, hence, changed to Fidelio, against the desires of the writer. November twentieth, 1805 was the date of the opening execution before a little gathering of people of French officers. This was on the grounds that Napoleon, leader of the military, had caught Vienna out of the blue. This happened again in 1809. Beethoven has performed a lot more exhibitions. In 1826, Beethoven discovered a chilly returning from his siblings place, with whom he had contended once more. The disease confused other medical issues that Beethoven had experienced for his entire life. He passed away encompassed by his dearest companions on Spring 26th, 1827, similarly as a tempest broke out. The memorial service customs occurred at the congregation of the Sacred Trinity. It is evaluated that somewhere in the range o f 10,000 and 30,000 individuals visited. Franz Schubert, hesitant and a colossal admirer of Beethoven, while never having turned out to be near him, was one of the pine box bearers, alongside different artists. Schubert passed on the following year and was covered alongside Beethoven.

The Effects Of Jews On Jewish Population During The Nazi...

An important topic is being researched, and it concerns the Final Solution of the Nazis concerning the Jews. On January 20th 1942, 15 leading officials of the Nazi state met at a villa in Wannsee, a suburb of Berlin, to discuss the â€Å"Final solution of the Jewish Question† (â€Å"The Final Solution,† 2015). They used the term â€Å"Final Solution† to refer to their plan to annihilate the Jewish people. It is not known when the leaders of Nazi Germany definitively decided to implement their plan to eradicate the Jews† (â€Å"United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,† 2015). Although, the genocide, or mass destruction, of the Jews was the culmination of a decade of increasingly severe discriminatory measures (â€Å"United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,† 2015). The Final Solution resulted in the holocaust, one of the most horrific crimes against humanity. As a result, I am going to discuss the Final Solution, and its effects on Jewish popula tion during the Nazi regime. Firstly, when Adolf Hitler came into power in Germany on May 8th 1945, one of his main goals was to purify the German race. He believed that all races were inferior to the German race. As a result, the Jewish people of Europe suffered severe persecution which eventually led to them being murdered. Hitler spread propaganda all throughout Germany, which cause the German people to hate the Jews. He made them believe that the Jewish people were the cause of all the problems in Germany. As a result, Hitler instilled fear in the GermanShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust And The Nazi Party1312 Words   |  6 Pages This Jewish girl was one of the many orphaned during the Holocaust, forcing her to live on the streets of the ghetto amongst the filth and grime. She lies on the street, holding her sister who is dying of starvation and disease. Many walk past and neglect to help the girl; for fear that they will draw unnecessary attention to themselves and attract the Jewish Ghetto police. This picture only illustrates the suffering of two girls, but acts as a representation of the many millions of Jews that wereRead MoreA Small Town Near Auschwitz By Mary Fulbrook943 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered one of the darkest times in history. The Nazis killed over six million people in one of the largest coordinated mass genocides in history. When reflecting on this time in history, it is assumed that the deaths of many came at the hands of the few or, in this case the Nazis. That, simply, is not the case. Although Hitler, the SS and the rest of the Nazi party were the principal players, this book makes i t abundantly clear that the Nazis delegated some of the racial tasks to the common peopleRead MoreAmerica ´s Options with World War II1302 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggling allies and the persecuted Jews. The most prominent option was the allotting of a higher immigration rate for the Jewish people fleeing Europe, another option they were presented with was a total boycott of Germany, the final option was an entrance into the war which after just exiting World War One the American People were rigidly opposed to war . These actions, especially the allotting of higher immigration would have provided enormous aid to the Jews fleeing from ever increasing formsRead MoreEssay Jewish Resistance to the Nzi Holocaust922 Words   |  4 Pages Despite all of these internal and external factors contributing to a lack of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust, there was resistance in existence in many forms; the resistance that did occur must not be diminished or overlooked. When considering the definition of â€Å"resistance†, historians divide themselves on what this entails; some believe it to be only active, armed resistance attempts, while others define it more liberally. According to Yehuda Bauer, resistance entails â€Å"any group action consciouslyRead MoreHow The Holocaust Was A Long Term Plan1461 Words   |  6 PagesEliminate the Jews Of the four historians, it is Kershaw, Goldhagen, and Peukert who propose the idea that the holocaust was a long-term plan and Berghahn who argues that it was a reaction to the circumstances brought about by expansion during world war two. All of the historians agree to a certain degree that the extermination of the Jewish people from Germany was a long term idea of Hitler’s, but it is at the point where ‘idea’ becomes ‘plan’ that they differ. The efforts the Nazi party expendedRead MoreAdolf Hitler And His Nazi Party2070 Words   |  9 Pages Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party are key in the story of the modern Jewish plight within central Europe. Despite a vast number of the laws passed within Nazi Germany and then Nazi occupied Europe being applicable to the Jewry of Germany, and Europe it is clear that it was not exclusively for the Jews and the effect of this was not worse for one or another. However, this essay endeavours to discuss the main characteristics of the Nazi policies on the Jewish population and it is easy to see that theRead More Holocaust vs. Native American Genocide Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesdecimation of the Native American population by the European settlers and the atrocious things that were done to them such as the trail of tears following the Indian Removal Act of 1830 during the settling of North America. The Holocaust might be the most well known but there have been many other incidents in his tory just as abhorrent. The Holocaust and Native American Genocide are different in weapons used and the motives for killing but similar in intent, effects and selection of the persecuted.Read MoreTaking a Look at Holocaust Revisionism1459 Words   |  6 Pageshas a population of about 6 million people. Imagine a disaster that could completely wipe out all of those people. Believe it or not, there has been a catastrophe in history that killed a number of people equal to the population of Missouri. This event is known as the Holocaust. During this genocide, the Nazi party in Germany tried to eliminate the whole jewish population. In the process of doing so they killed some six million innocent people. The Nazi Party nearly wiped out the entire Jewish populationRead MoreThey Often Use Euphemisms To Cloak Their Intentions, Such1632 Words   |  7 Pagesus.† One example of this is seen in the poster shown at the right. It depicts a Jewish man hiding behind the Allied forces of Great Britain, The United States, and Soviet Russian. There are various indications that are shown that depict the man specifically as Jewish. One is the clear Star of David hanging from his jacket. Two is his enlarged nose and scowling face, both of which are attributes attributed to Jews. Some of these physical characteristics can be seen in earlier mentioned propagandaRead MoreDistinguishing Qualities And Connecting Them To Jews, Like1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguishing qualities and connecting them to Jews, like hooked noses. This, of course, leads into stage five. Stage five is organization. Stanton writes that â€Å"Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, often using militias to provide deniability of state responsibility.† The emphasis on the supremacy of the â€Å"Aryan race† and the German worker is depicted in the picture to the right with the strong Aryan man standing above individuals who are deemed inferior, such as intellectuals or

Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior Free Essays

string(42) " and over 250 dialects and ethnic groups\." Question 1. Explain Decision making process and various types of decision with examples? Ans: Decision making can be regarded as the mental processes (Cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. Developed by B. Aubrey Fisher, there are four stages that should be involved in all group decision making. These stages, or sometimes called phases, are important for the decision-making process to begin Orientation stage- This phase is where members meet for the first time and start to get to know each other. Conflict stage- Once group members become familiar with each other, disputes, little fights and arguments occur. Group members eventually work it out. Emergence stage- The group begins to clear up vague opinions by talking about them. Reinforcement stage- Members finally make a decision, while justifying themselves that it was the right decision. When in an organization and faced with a difficult decision, there are several steps one can take to ensure the best possible solutions will be decided. These steps are put into seven effective ways to go about this decision making process. An Example illustrating Decision Making Process in an Organization * The first step – Outline your goal and outcome. This will enable decision makers to see exactly what they are trying to accomplish and keep them on a specific path. * The second step – Gather data. This will help decision makers have actual evidence to help them come up with a solution. The third step – Brainstorm to develop alternatives. Coming up with more than one solution ables you to see which one can actually work. * The fourth step – List pros and cons of each alternative. With the list of pros and cons, you can eliminate the solutions that have more cons than pros, making your decision easier. * The fifth step – Make the decision. Once y ou analyze each solution, you should pick the one that has many pros (or the pros that are most significant), and is a solution that everyone can agree with. * The sixth step – Immediately take action. Once the decision is picked, you should implement it right away. * The seventh step – Learn from, and reflect on the decision making. This step allows you to see what you did right and wrong when coming up, and putting the decision to use. Another example showing Decision Making Process with respect to consumer behavior. This model is important for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying process rather than just the purchase decision (when it may be too late for a business to influence the choice! The model implies that customers pass through all stages in every purchase. However, in more routine purchases, customers often skip or reverse some of the stages. For example, a student buying a favourite hamburger would recognise the need (hunger) and go right to the purchase decision, skipping information search and evaluation. However, the model is very useful when it comes to understanding any purchase that requires some thought and deliberation. The buying process starts with need recognition. At this stage, the buyer recognises a problem or need (e. g. I am hungry, we need a new sofa, I have a headache) or responds to a marketing stimulus (e. g. you pass Starbucks and are attracted by the aroma of coffee and chocolate muffins). An â€Å"aroused† customer then needs to decide how much information (if any) is required. If the need is strong and there is a product or service that meets the need close to hand, then a purchase decision is likely to be made there and then. If not, then the process of information search begins. A customer can obtain information from several sources: †¢ Personal sources: family, friends, neighbours etc Commercial sources: advertising; salespeople; retailers; dealers; packaging; point-of-sale displays †¢ Public sources: newspapers, radio, television, consumer organisations; specialist magazines †¢ Experiential sources: handling, examining, using the product The usefulness and i nfluence of these sources of information will vary by product and by customer. Research suggests that customer’s value and respect personal sources more than commercial sources (the influence of â€Å"word of mouth†). The challenge for the marketing team is to identify which information sources are most influential in their target markets. In the evaluation stage, the customer must choose between the alternative brands, products and services. An important determinant of the extent of evaluation is whether the customer feels â€Å"involved† in the product. By involvement, we mean the degree of perceived relevance and personal importance that accompanies the choice. Where a purchase is â€Å"highly involving†, the customer is likely to carry out extensive evaluation. High-involvement purchases include those involving high expenditure or personal risk – for example buying a house, a car or making investments. Low involvement purchases (e. . buying a soft drink, choosing some breakfast cereals in the supermarket) have very simple evaluation processes. Post-purchase evaluation – Cognitive Dissonance The final stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is common for customers to experience concerns after making a purchase decision. This arises from a concept that is known as â€Å" cognitive dissonance†. The customer, having bought a product, may feel that an alternative would have been preferable. In these circumstances that customer will not repurchase immediately, but is likely to switch brands next time. To manage the post-purchase stage, it is the job of the marketing team to persuade the potential customer that the product will satisfy his or her needs. Then after having made a purchase, the customer should be encouraged that he or she has made the right decision. Question 2. Take any international country of your choice and list down their social, cultural, lifestyle, business etiquettes and trade practices in detail? Ans: Country in Discussion: Nigeria Social / Cultural and Life Style Background The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria’s multiple ethnic groups. The country has over 50 languages and over 250 dialects and ethnic groups. You read "Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior" in category "Papers" The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa-Fulani who are predominant in the north, the Igbo who are predominant in the south-east, and the Yoruba who are predominant in the southwest. The Edo people are predominant in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland. Much of the Edo tends to be Christian while the remaining 20 percent worship deities called Ogu. This group is followed by the Ibibio/Annang/Efik people of the coastal southeastern Nigeria and the Ijaw of the Niger Delta. The rest of Nigeria’s ethnic groups (sometimes called ‘minorities’) are found all over the country but especially in the middle belt and north. The Hausa tend to be Muslim and the Igbo are predominantly Christian. The Efik, Ibibio, Annang people are mainly Christian. The Yoruba have a balance of members that are adherent to both Islam and Christianity. Indigenous religious practices remain important in all of Nigeria’s ethnic groups, these beliefs are often blended with Christian beliefs. Nigeria is famous for its English language literature and its popular music. Since the 1990s the Nigerian movie industry, sometimes called quot; Nollywoodquot; has emerged as a fast-growing cultural force all over the continent. All over the country, and even increasingly in the conservative north, western music, dresses and movies are ever popular. The music of Nigeria includes many kinds of folk and popular music, some of which are known worldwide. Traditional musicians use a number of diverse instruments, such as the Gongon drums Football (soccer) is extremely popular throughout the country and especially among the youth, both field soccer and professional international soccer, has developed into a cult of unity and division. Supporters of English football clubs Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool and Chelsea often segregate beyond the traditional tribal and even religious divide to share their common cause in Premier League teams. The Nigeria national football team, nicknamed the Super Eagles, is the national team of Nigeria and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). Nigerian food embellishes a rich blend of traditionally African carbohydrates such as Yam and Cassava as well as vegetable soups made from native green leaves. Praised by Nigerians for the strength it gives, Garri is a powdered Cassava Grain that can be readily eaten as a meal and is quite cheap. Yam is either fried in oil or pounded to make a Mashed Potato like Yam pottage. Nigerian beans, quite different from green peas, is widely popular. Meat is also popular and Nigerian Suya, a barbecue like method of roasting meat, is a well known delicacy. Bush meat, meat from wild game like deer and giraffes is also popular. Fermented palm products is used to make a traditional liquor, Palm Wine, as is fermented Cassava. Business Background in Nigeria The fact that Nigeria is not a magnet for international investment could be seen as a tragedy of immense proportions. Years of political instability, regional strife and the weakening influence of massive corruption have resulted in the country failing to capitalize on its many advantages; leaving the mass of the population in relative poverty and the country enormously infra-structure poor. A large number of international organizations and business people have been wary of doing business in Nigeria for many years. This may seem strange given that Nigeria is one of the most populous countries in Africa as well as being one of the most oil-rich places in the world. Couple this with the fact that the country is abundant in many other natural resources and has good port facilities and you might think that international business would be fighting for a piece of the action in Nigeria. Huge strides have been made in the last few years to try to tackle the many endemic problems which assail the country — with political and economic stability being seen as the key weapons in attacking the corrosive influence of corruption. Whether the actions being taken on the ground now lead to dramatic improvements in levels of transparency and levels of corporate governance remain to be seen — in the meantime, the country struggles along and those doing business in Nigeria need to be aware of the issues that await them. Business Etiquettes Nigerians like to use language in a fairly flowery fashion and will often address you with great courtesy and overt signs of respect. This desire to show respect to people is shown in the Nigerian use of titles and honorifics. People will often be addressed as Uncle, Auntie, Chief, Mazi, Doctor etc. rather than by the use of first names. Business conversations will often veer towards the personal and you may be asked questions about family, hobbies and other interests within business meetings. This is an important section of the meeting and should be treated as such. It is not seen as overly personal but rather as a signal of warmth and friendship. Handshaking is very important and it is usual to exchange long, lingering handshakes with everybody you meet. Nigerian Management Style As you would expect in a strictly hierarchical culture, managers are expected to lead quite strongly. The boss is expected to make decisions (with or without wider consultation) and the decisions of the boss are expected to be carried out to the letter. Directions should be given in a polite and friendly but definitive fashion. Spell out in detail what needs to be done — anything which is not explicitly requested, is likely to remain undone. This does not mean that subordinates are inefficient or lazy, merely that they expect the boss to know exactly what he wants to happen and to explain things to them fully. It is important to dress well in Nigeria as the way you are dressed will signal your relative level of importance. Men should wear dark suits and ties and women should wear dark, demure business-style suits. In return for loyalty, the manager will often take on a paternalistic role with regard to colleagues. The manager is expected to take an interest in subordinates beyond their directly work-related duties. People are as likely to ask the boss advice on personal matters as they are on business issues. Indigenous Nigerian companies will, however, have an approach and flavor all of their own. All native Nigerian companies will display massively hierarchical tendencies as befits a country rich in tribal tradition and culture. Thus the boss expects and receives respect from those below them in the structure. As age is highly valued in Nigerian culture, managers are often of the older generation — age brings wisdom. Although people at a middle-management level will like to give the impression that they have great power in the organization, they rarely do. Decisions are invariably made right at the top, so try not to waste too much time trying to force decisions out of more junior employees. If possible, go right to the top. This does not, however, mean that people lower down the corporate structure can be ignored as they may very well be pivotal in influencing the eventual decision-maker. As a relationship-oriented culture, it is important to be seen to be trying hard to develop good relationships at all levels within the organization. Economic Facts previously hindered by years of mismanagement, economic reforms of the past decade have put Nigeria back on track towards achieving its full economic potential. Nigerian GDP at purchasing power parity more than doubled from $170. 7 billion in 2005 to $374. billion in 2010, although estimates of the size of the informal sector (which is not included in official figures) put the actual numbers closer to $520 billion. Correspondingly, the GDP per capita doubled from $1200 per person in 2005 to an estimated $2,500 per person in 2009 (again, with the inclusion of the informal sector, it is estimated that GDP per capita hovers ar ound $3,500 per person). It is the largest economy in the West Africa Region, 3rd largest economy in Africa (behind South Africa and Egypt), and on track to becoming one of the top 30 economies in the world in the early part of 2011. Although much has been made of its status as a major exporter of oil, Nigeria produces only about 3. 3% of the world’s supply, and though it is ranked as 15th in production at 2. 2 million barrels per day (mbpd), the top 3 producers Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States produce 10. 7mbpd (16. 8%), 9. 8mbpd (15. 4%), and 8. 5mbpd (13. 4%) respectively, collectively accounting for 63. 6mpd (45. 4%) of the world’s total production. [2] To put oil revenues in perspective: at an estimated export rate of 1. 9mbd, with a projected sales price of $65 per barrel in 2011, Nigeria’s anticipated revenue from petroleum is about $52. billion. This accounts for less than 14% of official GDP figures (and drops to 10% when the informal economy is included in these calculations). Therefore, though the petroleum sector is important, it remains in fact a small part of the country’s overall vibrant and diversified economy. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has not kept up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now imports some of its food products. In 2006, Nigeria successfully convinced the Paris Club to let it buy back the bulk of its debts owed to the Paris Club for a cash payment of roughly $12 billion (USD). Trade Practices: The Federal Government plays the role of protecting local industries and the labor market from unfair competitions and trade practices of developed countries. While Nigerian government appreciates that the world is a global village, in terms of exchange of goods, services and persons, it will not open the nation‘s borders to the influx of foreigners in whatever guise without considering the security and economic implication inherent in the administration of Expatriate Quota and other immigration formality. While it is true that Nigeria as a developing country needs to benefit from the xperiences and technology of the advanced nations, it is important that we protect our local manpower by ensuring that jobs that are meant for Nigerians are not occupied by foreigners in order to stem the unemployment rate in the country. Although the world is a global village and the WTO preaches free trade or liberalization of trade, it is the government’s duty both indiv idually and as government to protect our local industries and markets in order to avoid being reduced to mere consumers of labor and technology of the advanced nations. Their focus at all times should be to develop indigenous technology, local capacity building for both our industries and marketsquot;. Also, the administration of Expatriate Quota helps attract foreign direct investment; fast track economic development; transfer technology through importation of modern machinery and equipment; build and enhance local capacity and skills; institutionalize Nigerian understudies attached to Expatriates and for appropriate documentation. ALTERNATIVE TRADE NETWORK OF NIGERIA (ATNN) The Alternative Trade Network of Nigeria (ATNN) was established in 1994 with 25 artisans drawn from different parts of Nigeria as a Non Governmental Trade and Development Network. It was formerly registered with Corporate Affairs Commissions Abuja on the 7th January 1999 as an Incorporated Trustee with a five member Governing Board. The daily operations of the network are coordinated by program staff and team of volunteers under the leadership of the Director. ATNN is a registered pioneer member of the International Fair Trade Association (IFAT) formed in 1994 now the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO) and also a founding member of the Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa (COFTA) with its Africa Regional Office based in Nairobi, Kenya. With a founding membership of 25 artisans and groups, ATNN membership has grown to 120 cooperatives, groups and individuals (over 3616 individuals) engage in both food and Non food products from different parts of Nigeria who are grass root based and committed to the principles and standards of fair trade. 3% of the current membership is women, employing over 3616 people. 1774 apprentices have also been trained and are now self employed and running their business in different areas of micro enterprises. ATNN has the following thematic areas of intervention 1. Fair Trade Market Access, Retailing and Export Trading†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This program provides unique solutions to specific members based on identified n eeds, level of business development, size, structure, markets, retailing and other trading opportunities. 2. Producer Development, Community Mobilization and Empowerment. This program engages participatory method of development of both formal and informal groups of producers and communities in identifying and establishing core strength and weaknesses and collective designing of sustainable and achievable business solutions. 3. Fair Trade Advocacy and Economic Rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The objective of this program is to develop and disseminate appropriate fair trade information to raise beneficiary’s awareness and stake holder’s interest and support for effective and proactive fair trade participations. It also highlights and lobby against unethical business, production and trade practices and policies that are detrimental to community growth, environmental protection and other impacts that are related to sustainable production and development. The Alternative Trade Network of Nigeria believes in fostering an accelerated producers businesses development and sustainable income through developing, consolidating and advancing the core mission and objectives of the global fair Trade Movement within Nigeria, Africa and the world over. This is achieved through the offering and provision of technical guidance, market support, networking and awareness rising for favorable trade policies and micro business development measures. ATNN, in its business development services also ensures that producers do not just access profitable markets, but produce quality products and get appropriate value for their labor. ATNN generally desires to achieve the following: 1. Increased and improved business skills How to cite Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior, Essays

Tinanmen Diary Essays - Tiananmen Square Protests, China

Tinanmen Diary Change is the dramatic art of survival. If one is to survive, one needs to adapt to changing needs and desires. The Communist Party in China was started for just that reason. The Chinese wanted a change from what was going on in the country at the time. The student and worker protesters at Tiananmen Square wanted the same goal to be met. They wanted a dialogue to discuss the need for an adaptation, a change in the way things were being done in modern China. However, the bloody massacre at Tiananmen Square only exemplifies the point that the Communist Party, born out of revolution, would not allow another revolution to be born. In the book, Tiananmen Diary, Harrison Salisbury takes the reader through a minute by minute account of the days leading up to the massacre and the subsequent aftermath. In this review, I will explore the Tiananmen Square Massacre and its affect on China through the eyes and ears of Harrison Salisbury. I will give my opinion of Harrison and his revelations, while also exploring China and Tiananmen Square using other authors from class. Before reading a book on China, a foreigner needs to understand China, its history and its beliefs. China is a country of legends and symbols, of tradition and heritage. As Salisbury states, "China is...ruled by her three great symbols: the Yellow River, the Great Wall, and the Dragon". Each of these symbols represents a way of life for the Chinese. China is a very proud country with many natural wonders within its own borders. The Yellow River is one such symbol for the Chinese people. These citizens turn inward in order to cherish this particular river, rather then look outward toward the ocean. The Yellow River, as a great emblem of who China is, is a tremendous rallying symbol around which to look inward. The river is a symbol for the people that they need to rely upon themselves. They must not look to the sea, to the outside for help. Everything that is made or done for China must be accomplished from within China. The people have had to deal with every invasion, attack, and aggression with only their countrymen to help. China has always had to fight off invaders, including the Mongols, Japanese, Europeans, and eventually Americans. One such example is the effort put up by citizens during the Boxer Uprising. It was within this rebellion that a group of citizens took it upon themselves to fight the Europeans and attempted to rid their country of this menace. The rebellion had asked for assistance in the beginning, but none was given. The Chinese people knew that they were on their own. Even though the rebellion failed in the end, it gave the message that only China could help itself. The Great Wall is another exceptional symbol that the Chinese people identify with. However, while its purpose was to keep intruders out of China, in actuality it is a symbol of what is wrong with China. "Not yet have the people and their rulers begun to see that the Great Wall keeps the people in, as well as invaders out; that the walls...confine minds as well as bodies". The Great Wall is a barrier to the outside world. It is not supposed let anything in, whether it be people, armies, and on a more symbolic level any ideas. With the Wall and a tremendous sense of emerging nationalism, the elite in the government believe that new ideas from the outside world are invaders. They think that they must keep other ways of thinking out of the country. The Wall also represents a need to keep everything within its borders. The reason behind this is that there is a belief that nothing should want to leave China. This belief has continued into the present with the restrictions placed on citizens by the Communist Party and the government. Movement of people, products, and information is restricted, especially to sources outside of Mainland China. Finally, the Dragon is a representation of China's belief in its superiority, and the belief that the dragon will protect the nation and its people "so long as they do not threaten its order". The Chinese are very xenophobic. This belief has been a part of Chinese culture ever since came into existence. "The Chinese defined themselves as the ?central country' and believed they were surrounded by inferior peoples and cultures". The xenophobic feelings were furthered during the European era of trade. Events such as the Opium Wars